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Journal of Adolescent Research
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Employment, Sense of Coherence, and Identity Formation

Contextual and Psychological Processes on the Pathway to Sense of Adulthood

Koen Luyckx

Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium, Koen.Luyckx{at}psy.kuleuven.be

Seth J. Schwartz

University of Miami School of Medicine

Luc Goossens

Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

Sophie Pollock

Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

The present study investigated the influence of contextual (i.e., being in college vs. being employed) and psychological (i.e., sense of coherence) processes on achieving a sense of adulthood in a sample of 317 emerging adults. Identity formation, conceptualized as multiple dimensions of exploration and of commitment, was conceived of as a mediator of these relationships. Individuals who perceive themselves as adults scored higher on commitment and lower on ruminative exploration than those who do not perceive themselves as full-fledged adults. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the relationships of sense of coherence and attending college versus being employed to sense of adulthood were partially mediated by identity formation—and by the dimension of commitment making in particular. Being employed and scoring high on sense of coherence are directly and indirectly (through making stronger identity commitments) related to a greater sense of adulthood. Implications and suggestions for future research are outlined.

Key Words: emerging adulthood • identity formation • sense of coherence • sense of adulthood • mediation • employment.

Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 23, No. 5, 566-591 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/0743558408322146
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U. Sirsch, E. Dreher, E. Mayr, and U. Willinger
What Does It Take to Be an Adult in Austria?: Views of Adulthood in Austrian Adolescents, Emerging Adults, and Adults
Journal of Adolescent Research, May 1, 2009; 24(3): 275 - 292.
[Abstract] [PDF]