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Journal of Adolescent Research
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Meeting Developmental Challenges During Emerging Adulthood

The Role of Personality and Social Resources

Shmuel Shulman

Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, Shulman{at}mail.biu.ac.il

Esther Kalnitzki

Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel

Golan Shahar

Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel

A one-year follow-up study examined the role of developmental challenges, personality (dependency, self-criticism, and personal efficacy), and support systems in adaptation among Israeli emerging adults (N = 236) participating in a preparatory academic program. Participants were assessed during their enrollment in the preparatory academic program and one year later, after graduation, when their academic success or failure could be determined. Personal efficacy predicted higher levels of goal investment and goal progress, as well as more positive life events. In contrast, self-criticism predicted lower goal investment, higher goal stress, and a reduced number of positive events. Self-criticism also predicted elevated levels of amotivation and an increase in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Paternal social support predicted young people's more favorable adaptation one year later. Among young adult males, academic failure predicted later level of symptoms and more negative events. These findings encourage further examination of the role of personality and family relationships in the transition to adulthood.

Key Words: emerging adults • transitions • developmental deadlines • personality • fathers

Journal of Adolescent Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, 242-267 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0743558408329303
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